Sash windows (also known as ‘hung’ sash-windows) have been around for about 400 years and remain the most popular window configuration to date. The name is derived from the fact that these windows contain at least one moving ‘sash’ in their design. The sash is the name given to the part that holds the glass panes (also called ‘lights’) in place.
Some hung windows contain only one movable panal (sash) but most will have two. These panels most commonly open from top to bottom (vertically) but can also be made to operate in a sideways fashion (horizontally). The glass used in these units has traditionally been single-paned but recently double-pane and even triple-pane configurations have been available. When properly installed, extra panes give better insulation and efficiency.
To make the movement operation of this type of window possible the weight of the moving panel is counter-balanced by a heavy weight concealed within the frame itself. These weights are typically made of lead, cast iron or steel. They are arranged on a pulley system using either chains, ropes or cables. When older windows of this type begin to fail it can often be traced back to a problem with this pulley/weight system as they tend to wear through age and with continued use.
Sometimes hinges are included whereby the movable sash(es) can be locked open and disconnected from the counter-weight system. This makes cleaning the window easier and can also aid in making a quick emergency escape if the need arises. Spring balances are also sometimes used in place of the more common pulley/counter-weight system.
If both sashes are capable of moving this is known as a double-hung window (as opposed to single-hung, if only one moves). Traditionally made from wood, these units are now commonly made from other materials (including vinyl, which has become quite popular). Vinyl (PVC) windows are usually cheaper to buy than wood and are currently a widely used option for both new construction and old window replacement.
Speaking of replacement, owners of older homes are often faced with the decision of replacing or repairing existing windows that have become inefficient or nonworking. If possible, repair is usually advisable to replacement. It’s cheaper, generally looks better and can be made to be nearly just as energy efficient.
If you reside in a conservation area (or your home is ‘listed’) your options may be limited by what’s allowed. Sash windows are a tried and tested design that continue to be the most popular and the older versions can be made to look good and operate properly with some well-directed maintenance measures. Study the options and benefits and then decide. Your home deserves to look and feel its best!
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