‘ Water hammer’ is a very specific plumbing noise, it’s a pressure surge or shock wave that is created when water moving through a pipe is force to either stop or change direction suddenly. For example, a ninety-degree pipe bend or union would cause this. Water hammer often occurs when a dishwasher, washing machine, toilet, or faucet shuts off water flow suddenly. This produces a loud bang or banging sound. The shock waves of the bang(ing) travel faster than the speed of sound and can create a great deal of pressures. Over time, water hammer effect can damage pipes, valves and even weaken pipe joints.
A solution to the water hammer problem, in more modern homes, is to install devices called air chambers. The chambers or cushions are filled with air, they absorb the shockwaves. The problem is that over time these devices often become partly or completely filled with water. This happens because the air, over time, is absorbed by the water, and water takes the lost air’s place.
Water hammer doesn’t only affect water plumbing systems, it can also affect steam ones. But in steam delivery or distribution plumbing it’s referred to as ‘steam hammer’. In these cases, steam condenses into water in one of the horizontal sections of pipe. Steam picks up this water and sends it into a pipe connection or joint.
An air chamber that’s under the level of the valve or faucet may present more work. The home’s main water supply lines may need to be drained so that the chamber(s) can fill with air. An air chamber that won’t drain properly may be clogged with scale, tuberculation, or minerals and chemicals in the water. Sometimes it’s not possible to clean out the chamber(s), and replacement is left as the likely option.
If a home doesn’t have air chambers built into its plumbing system, reducing the overall water pressure might be a solution. This can be done by installing pressure-reducing valves in the water supply lines. But this might not work because the water pressure might be too low for second and third floor faucets and toilets to work properly. Another solution is to install air chambers, may current models have built-in valves for letting their air refill.
If the home’s plumbing system doesn’t have air chambers built into it, reducing the water pressure may be a solution, this could be accomplished with the installation of valves that reduce the pressure of the lines coming into the house. But this might not work if it leads to such low pressure that faucets and valves on upper-floors only have a trickle of water coming out of them. If pressure reduction doesn’t work, it may be necessary to install air chambers into the current plumbing system. Many of the chamber devices currently on the market have a built-in valve for letting air refill.
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